The present research entitled “An Economic Analysis of Production of Watermelon in Allahabad District (UP) India” was carried out during the year 2016-17 in Soraon block of Allahabad district. The main objectives of the study are to analyze, socio economic characteristic of sample respondents, analyzing of costs per hectare, return and profitability of watermelon production and evaluation of cost of production per quintal. Soraon block is more potential for watermelon production with comparison to other blocks. Out of the total villages of Soraon block, in total fourteen (14) villages and (140) respondents were selected randomly. Average size of land holding of respondents 2.65 hectares and most of the respondents were belonged to age group of 20 to 49 years (90 %), level of education is mostly primary (44.29%) and intermediate (36.43 %). Mean household size is nine persons, the highest cropping intensity was found in Saraigopal village (158.89) and the average cropping intensity of the block is 139.91. Family and hired human labour utilization is 159 man days/ha in different size farm groups. The cost of cultivation of watermelon per hectare in small, medium and large farm groups is Rs. 42840.87, Rs. 44393.88 and Rs. 47321.19 respectively. Overall, estimated gross return of watermelon was Rs/ha 79329.83 and obtained net return was Rs/ha 34477.85, the benefit received on per rupee investment was 0.77. The average yield per hectare of watermelon came to 226.33 quintals and the cost of production, on an average was worked out to 198.17 Rs/qt on the sample farm groups.