Health is a prerequisite for human development and an essential component for the well-being of the mankind (Srivatsa, 2015). Health is an indicator of well-being that has immediate implications for the quality of life as well as for productive capacities and capabilities (AHDR, 2003). In a wider perspective, health is defined in terms of adaptation to changes in nature and society. Here, health includes freedom from pain, stress, discomfort and boredom, and adaptation to social and biological environment (Dubos, 1968). Various studies suggest that sound health is crucial for improved productivity as well as production. A healthy population is a prerequisite for successful development. So health has been considered as a vital indicator of economic development. The present study examines key health indicators such as Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Crude Death Rate (CDR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and profiles of communicable and non-communicable diseases prevalent in selected areas of the district. The Deshi Muslim community is an indigenous ethnic group of Assam (Ali, 2017). The indigenous Muslim people who have been living in the undivided Goalpara district are known as Deshi Muslim (Rahman, 2014). Traditionally, this section of people is rural based and primarily depends on Agriculture and other petty manual works for their livelihood. So, this section of people remains far behind to achieve realizing health facilities. The idea of equality regarding health status among all sections of people seemed questionable in such situation. To observe the reality in grassroots a micro level study is adopted. Therefore, a study entitled “Health Status of Deshi Muslims: A Case Study of Goalpara District” is adopted.